Chapter 17

Chapter 17 is about the industrialization. The population grow as in Western Europe, China, and Japan as in wood and charcoal, also as in prices rising up. The Industrial Revolution marked that human response was to nonrenewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas to replace the early reliance on the energy sources of wind, water, wood, and the muscle power of people and animals. Also, the massive extraction nonrenewable raw materials to feed and to fuel the industrial machinery as in coal, ore, iron, and petroleum. There were signs of technology in the Industrial Revolution as in Britain innovated and transformed cotton textile for production. Later in the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution focused on chemicals, precision machinery, electricity, telephone, and telegraph, rubber, printing, and much more. In the 20th century, the Industrial Revolution became global as a number of Asian, African, and Latin American countries developed a substantial industrial sectors. Oil, natural gas , and nuclear reactions joined coal as a widely available source of energy.

Europe was destined to lead the way to modern economic life. India had the long corporation of the cotton textile production, sugar, the agriculture of innovations, and mathematics innovations. China was clearly the world leader in technology innovation between the 700 and 1400 and then also by the 1200. But when the technology began to change Europe began to pick it up. The earlier the achievements Europe began to rise and not stand alone as in its capacity for the technology innovation. Europe had no obvious economic lead as the Industrial Revolution. The European capacity for the industrial development lied in the industrial techniques. Even though, the process was highly uneven.

Women in the middle class families were highly increased as to wives, mothers, and homemakers. Women were also expected to be the moral center of their family life and responsible of their household consumption. "An ideology of domesticity defined homemaking, child raring, charitable endeavors, and refined activities such as embroidery, music, and drawing, as the proper sphere for women, while paid employment and public sphere of life outside the home beckoned." I think that was pretty sad that women were just looked upon on how they take cared of things and their families. The fact that men had no part as what they women did for their families and also for their husband is really disrespectful.

Chapter 16: Echoes of Revolution

According to the 'Echoes of Revolution', there were three major movements arose to challenge the patterns of oppression or exclusion of slavery; nationalists hoped to foster a unity and independence from the foreign rule; and feminists challenged male dominance. The Abolition of Slavery is somewhat part of the Enlightenment because it became increasingly critical of slavery. The Haitian Revolution had also three major rebellions in the British West Indies. The Haitian Revolution demonstrated clearly that slaves were to be 'contented'. European and African both shipped millions of additional slaves mostly to Cuba and Brazil for planation of sugar. In the Southern United States a lot of slaves were legally free but highly dependent for labor, such as sharecropping and also they would provide low-paid for workers for the planters. Newly freed people did not achieve anything or received anything except in Haiti.

The third echo of the Atlantic revolutions was the feminist movement. In the 20th century, feminist really thought that "the way in which women and men work, play, think, dress, worship, vote, reproduce, make love and make war. Thinkers of the European Enlightenment challenged many ancient traditions. Women began to take part in temperance movements, charities, abolitionism, and missionary work, as well as pacifists organizations. By this movement in the United States, a number os states passed legislation allowing women to manage and control their own property and wages, separate from their husbands. At some places the divorce laws were liberalized. In 1893, New Zealand it became the first country to give the vote to all adult women and also Finland in 1906. The beginning of feminist was a big impact because it was expanding fast in mostly every continent. Another example, is women's rights read beyond the Western Europe and the United States. There was a feminist newspaper that was established in Brazil in 1852, instating that there was an independent school for girls that was found in Mexico in 1869.

Founders Week

In chapter one of 'Founder Weeks,' we as students learn how two sister of Notre Dame, Julie Billiard and Francoise Blin de Bourdon, made a difference. As I read I saw that there were new knowledge as as "primitive spirit" which is that they would express themselves in a characteristic way and would respect for all the individuals regardless of their age, disability, social class, and gender. I think that is important because they had a strong perspective in a very respectful way. It is also a strong preference for providing active engagement with a world in need. These characteristics of the SND were well grounded in the French revolutionary era when they were formed. The characteristics were indeed for the desire for respectful self government within the establishment of the Catholic church. The spiritual fellowship with others were to be opened to the deep bonds of their friendships that can bring joy within themselves.

The French had a social standards that were pre-revolutionary. Francoise Blin de Bourdon explored the major facets of life in her aristocratic station to offer but also found them lacking. She went to an elite boarding school during the summer months starting at the age of six. Her grandparents decided that keeping her at home was their choice as in not a good for Francoise development. Francoise also learned some pratical skills to help her in running a household.

On the other hand, Julie Billiart is a very high mind young lady for aristocratic life. She was raised in a small cottage village of Civilly. Julie continued her lessons for the village children, but then no linger attended school. She began to work in the field to help support her family. Julie had it a little hard because of the physical labor.

This article shows also how discrimination was practiced in that era and time. It is crazy how there was discrimination in the past and now in today's society. There are quotes that focus on how there was dislike towards women from men. I believe that this teaches society about the social norms or social construct that can either help someone or just destroy someone.